Getting Started: Understanding Incubation

Choosing the Right Incubator

Type:

Choose between still air and forced-air incubators. Forced-air models have fans that circulate air and temperature more evenly.

Size:

Consider how many eggs you plan to hatch at once to select an appropriately sized incubator.

Features:

Look for models with automatic egg turners, humidity controls, and temperature alarms for easier management.

Setting Up Your Incubator

Placement:

Set up the incubator in a location with stable temperature and low foot traffic to minimize temperature fluctuations.

Calibration:

Use a reliable thermometer and hygrometer to check the incubator’s temperature and humidity accuracy before setting your eggs.

Preparing Eggs for Incubation

Selection:

Choose eggs that are clean, well-formed, and free from cracks. Optimal egg age is between 1 to 7 days from laying.

Storage:

If not incubating immediately, store eggs pointed end down at a temperature of 55-60°F and 75-80% humidity.

Handling:

Always handle eggs with clean hands or gloves to avoid transferring oils and bacteria to the porous eggshells.

Incubation Process

Temperature and Humidity:

Still Air Incubators: 101°F at the top of the eggs.

Forced-Air Incubators: 99.5°F throughout the incubator.

Humidity: Maintain 45-55% for the first 18 days, increasing to 65-75% during the final 3 days (lockdown period).

Turning Eggs:

Turn eggs at least 3 times daily to prevent the embryo from sticking to the shell. Stop turning on day 18 when you begin the lockdown period.

Candling:

Check egg development by candling at day 7 and 14. Look for signs of growth such as visible veins and movement.

The Hatching Phase (Lockdown)

Preparation:

Increase humidity to 65-75% to aid in the hatching process. Stop turning the eggs and lay them horizontally.

Hatching:

Chicks will begin to pip, or break through the shell, typically on day 21. Ensure the incubator is not opened during this critical time to maintain humidity levels. It can take 24-48 hours for a chick to fully hatch after pipping.

Post-Hatch Care

Brooder Setup:

Prepare a warm, draft-free brooder with a heat lamp to maintain a temperature of 95°F for the first week, decreasing by 5°F each week thereafter. Provide access to fresh water and starter chick feed.

Health Monitoring:

Observe chicks for any signs of distress or illness. Healthy chicks are active and have consistent eating and drinking habits.

Troubleshooting Common Issues

Low Hatch Rate:

Check for issues with temperature fluctuation, improper humidity, or egg handling before incubation.

Weak or Deformed Chicks:

Can be caused by genetic issues, poor incubation conditions, or inadequate nutrition of the parent birds.